Consuelo michel

40-4 "Crossing Boundaries"

              After WWII, status of women changed dramatically in industrialized states. The women demanded full equality with men, access to education and employment.However in china, women had not yet gained true equality because of the one-child policy. After industrialization began to happen, women also began to claimed for their rights. For example, the U.S Rights Act of 1964 prohibited  discrimination on basis of race or sex. Also, two example of women that fight for the women rights was Indira Gandhi in India(daughter of Gandhi) and Benazin Bhutto in Pakistan. In the other hand, migration began to increase internal meaning that people from the state began to move from rural to urban areas. Also, there was external migration which began because of people trying to fleeing war,escape from persecution or to search for opportunities. Migrants enrich societies in many ways, but also spark hostility and conflicts.

40-3 "Global Problems"

           A major problem that affected the hole world was the dramatic increased of population in the twentieth century. The world population increased from 500 million in 1650 to 2.5 billion in 1950. This cause the hole world to come up with dramatics rules to decreased the population. For example, China's one-child policy. This policy said that every family could only have on child,however, there was some cases that the authority would let a family to have two kids if the first child was a girl, try to keep the legacy of the family. Also, some nations began to charge racism when being urged to limit population. Another problem was the inequities in resources and incomes that cause a separation of rich and poor societies. Causing the labor servitude to increase and slavery to be abolished world wide by the 1960's. Last, the spread of diseases around the world. However, this problem didn't affect the world as bad as the other problems did since many of the disease were under control. The last major disease was the flue epidemic which cause the death of twenty to forty million of people in the year 1918 to 1919.

40-2"Cross-Cultural exchanges and Global Communication"

           Western consumerism began to be a global phenomenon because of the creation of  a doll name "Barbie". The doll was introduce in Iran, it was seen as a threat to Islamic values and as a symbol of cultural imperialism, which was rejected by the Iranians. Also, the doll was introduce to Japan but this time the "Barbie" was made to look younger for Japanese markets. The effect that this creation made was that the western icons were often replacing local business and indigenous cultures. In addition, products had brand names to identify local products from the foreign products.For example, Swiss Rolex or Perries. The Pan-America culture began to compete with the United States for consumption and cultural interaction. However Latin America societies blended foreign and indigenous cultural practice. The globalization minimizes social, economic, and political isolation.  Because of this globalization the creation of the internet create a huge impact of how the world was going to be rule now. China attempt to control internet information,however, the adaptation of this new technology was made by the state.

40-1 "The Global Economy"

             After the collapse of communism, global economy began to expand trade, foreign investment,and the privatization of industry. This movement made a dramatic growth in world trade from 1966-1990. In 1994, 123 GATT( general agreement on tariffs and trade) members created a World Trade Organization(WTO). Meanwhile in Asia, China in 1970's began to opened to foreign investment and technology after Mao Zedong dies. After the war ended (wwll), japan had few resources and began to benefit from the U.S aid, their investments and from the protection that the U.S gave them. Also, since Japan industries to have more labor,they had intensive the exports of textile, iron, and steal. In the other hand, nations in the side of Europe created a union called European Union,which began in 1957 with six nations and now includes fifteen unions. All of the nations had a common market, free trade, free travel within the unions. Eleven members adopted a common currency in 1999.

38-3"The end of the Cold War"

           The Cold War ended with the fall of the Soviet Union in December 1991. Before that, the Soviet Union was in an alliance with the United States to stop communist to spread to other countries. However, both of them  distrust each other and started to developed new weapons in order to be ready if one of them attack. This distrust almost cause the Cold War to become a nuclear war when the US and Soviet Union created the atomic bomb. When the Soviet Union fall, the United States remain as the superpower nation which meant that their economy wasn't dramatically affected as the other nations like Russia and United Kingdom. After the Cold War ended in 1991, the communist areas  that were left try to restore communism,however, they didn't succed at all. The countries that remained communism were only Cuba and North Korea which now days still govern by a dictariorship. The US created NATO and Warsaw pact which was a uneasy security meaning there wasn't a really certainty about what was going to happend in the future.

38-2"Challenge to superpower hegemony"

         The origins of communism goes back to China. The communists had a civil war between nationalists because of different ideas on how to govern the people. This war ended in 1945 with the communists as the victorius of the war meaning that China was being govern by the communists. Once they were put on the government, the communists began to change the social and economy of China by invanting the Five-Year Plan. This plan was made to stress heavy industry, to get rig off nationalists by executing them or by sending them to force camps, and create the emancipation of women. China and the Soviet Union had competed with each other to try to have influence in Africa since both of them had different type of government. The Soviet Union gave more economis support to non-communist countries.

Ch.38-1 "The Formation of bipolar World"

          The United States, Germany, Soviet Unión, France, Britain, and other countries were involved in what was call "The Cold War". The Cold War started after the WWII because there was economy tensión between the countries. The war began to be a nuclear war after the United States and Soviet Union started to developed a nuclear bomb to use it against its enemies. While, Russia put missiles in Cuba to attack the United States, however, after the United States got into an agreement with Russia and Cuba the missiles were removed, which cause Cuba to depend on the economy of the United States. The country that got most affected in a nagative way by this war was Germany. Germany was the country that had the most loses because of the fact that alot of countries got into alliances against them that they weren't be able to defend all the land that they own.  Germany use regular weapons for fighting,however, other places began to innovated their armies. For example, the atomic bomb from U.S back then was a mushroom cloud now the explotion a magnitude that can destroy the whole World.

Leader Biography: Ivan "the terrible"

Ivan "the terrible" was born in August 25,1530 and died March 28,1584. He was the grand prince of Moscow and reign since the year 1533 to 1547. Also, he was the first ruler to become a Tsar of all Russians. Ivan was crown in January 1547 when he was the age of 16. After the 3 years of being crowned, Ivan pass a law code name sudebnik of 1550 which consist of limiting aristocrats privileges and strenght the role of federal systems. A huge impact that he had in Russia when he was in power was the transpormation of Russia from medival state to an empire and the rise of regional power. Ivan expanded Russia territory by conquering Khanates of Kazan, Astrakhan, and Siberia. This conquers were possible because of the creation of a standing army and millitary alliances . Russia had a relation with England which opened the White sea and the port of Arkhangeisk for trade of goods.